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  1. Free, publicly-accessible full text available May 1, 2024
  2. Ultrasoft magnetorheological elastomers (MREs) offer convenient real-time magnetic field control of mechanical properties that provides a means to mimic mechanical cues and regulators of cells in vitro. Here, we systematically investigate the effect of polymer stiffness on magnetization reversal of MREs using a combination of magnetometry measurements and computational modeling. Poly-dimethylsiloxane-based MREs with Young’s moduli that range over two orders of magnitude were synthesized using commercial polymers Sylgard™ 527, Sylgard 184, and carbonyl iron powder. The magnetic hysteresis loops of the softer MREs exhibit a characteristic pinched loop shape with almost zero remanence and loop widening at intermediate fields that monotonically decreases with increasing polymer stiffness. A simple two-dipole model that incorporates magneto-mechanical coupling not only confirms that micrometer-scale particle motion along the applied magnetic field direction plays a defining role in the magnetic hysteresis of ultrasoft MREs but also reproduces the observed loop shapes and widening trends for MREs with varying polymer stiffnesses. 
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  4. Abstract

    Magnetic skyrmions exhibit unique, technologically relevant pseudo‐particle behaviors which arise from their topological protection, including well‐defined, 3D dynamic modes that occur at microwave frequencies. During dynamic excitation, spin waves are ejected into the interstitial regions between skyrmions, creating the magnetic equivalent of a turbulent sea. However, since the spin waves in these systems have a well‐defined length scale, and the skyrmions are on an ordered lattice, ordered structures from spin‐wave interference can precipitate from the chaos. This work uses small‐angle neutron scattering (SANS) to capture the dynamics in hybrid skyrmions and investigate the spin‐wave structure. Performing simultaneous ferromagnetic resonance and SANS, the diffraction pattern shows a large increase in low‐angle scattering intensity, which is present only in the resonance condition. This scattering pattern is best fit using a mass fractal model, which suggests the spin waves form a long‐range fractal network. The fractal structure is constructed of fundamental units with a size that encodes the spin‐wave emissions and are constrained by the skyrmion lattice. These results offer critical insights into the nanoscale dynamics of skyrmions, identify a new dynamic spin‐wave fractal structure, and demonstrate SANS as a unique tool to probe high‐speed dynamics.

     
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